Kanye West, Sexuality, and Masculinity PDF Print E-mail
Written by Peter Alilunas   
Thursday, 14 May 2009 00:00
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This picture of Kanye West alongside Taz Arnold (in the green coat) and other fashion designers, taken at the Paris Fashion Week this February, brought out a great deal of conversation in the rap world and the media about West's masculinity.  Like these conversations usually do, it centered that discussion on sexuality.  Julian Benbow, in an article on the subject, does a nice job of pinpointing the two issues, saying that "West is forcing people to rethink their ideas about masculinity and homosexuality."

That's a very good thing -- but just how that conversation is playing out is worth a closer look.  The conversation about West's masculinity is rooted in very typical anxieties about what it "means" to be a man.  Do men wear pink?  Do they worry about fashion?  Do they sing instead of rap?  Do they hang out with other men who worry about these things?

All these questions hinge on the anxiety that West might be acting more like a woman than a man.  The strong cultural associations between things like clothing, appearance, and emotion with feminine behavior make them sources of anxiety when shown by men.  As theorists and writers on gender have shown, these associations are illusions and propped up by people who want to feel safe within clear boundaries between what it means to be a man and a woman.  West's interest in these areas has disrupted those boundaries and made some people uncomfortable.

His latest album, "808s & Heartbreak," features a great deal of singing instead of rapping, songs about emotion, and visuals that stray from the usual assortment of stereotypes and cliches about women.

One of those uncomfortable people is 50 Cent, who brought up the topic in a recent interview.  And that brings us to the real heart of the discussion: West's sexuality.  All these concerns about West's masculinity seem to lead right to the anxiety that all these interests in "feminine" things must mean that West is gay.  Even though, as a culture, we've progressed a long way from such stereotypes, this knee-jerk response still exists, and immediately becomes the point of the discussion.

What seems to be evident in the conversation is the need to defend West's masculinity by denying any association with homosexuality.  50 Cent calls him "sensitive" but not gay, Benbow makes sure to point out in the third paragraph that "West is not gay," and West himself has given several interviews where he makes absolutely certain to identify himself as straight.  Taz Arnold, the man at the center of the controversy in the Paris pictures, is extremely vocal in his efforts to prove his heterosexuality.

What's happening here is complicated.  On the one hand, it's unfair to have to force West to have to discuss his sexuality at all.  It's understandable that he would want to be in control of his own identity and clear up the incessant media talk about him.  On the other hand, though, it's a little sad to see the way the discussion is playing out.  Rather than reversing the conversation and showing that masculinity is not defined by heterosexuality, what seems to be happening is a widening of the boundaries.

Being a "real man" then, can now involve fashionable images of hearts, displays of emotion, an interest in style, and a new understanding of how culture dictates heterosexuality.  What doesn't appear anywhere in these conversations is that being a "real man" can also mean being gay.  As exciting as it is to see West breaking down so many barriers and opening up new avenues of creativity and expression, it shows how just how connected masculinity still is to heterosexuality.  How should West navigate these issues?  How should progressive men interested in rethinking masculinity contribute to this discussion?  How can we disconnect sexuality from masculinity without losing it as a key marker of identity?  These are all important questions to consider as we watch the conversation around West continue.

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Peter Alilunas is a graduate student at the University of Michigan where he studies masculinity in film and television.  He loves Taz Arnold's Cheetah pants.  He blogs at manvertised.com.

Last Updated on Thursday, 14 May 2009 14:33
 
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Robert Vitulano  - Queer Masculinity?   |70.48.120.xxx |2009-05-22 10:25:25
I am bothered by the discourse centering around gay male sexuality and femininity/deviancy. For those who do not perform in a traditionally male function are thrust into the deviant realm of homosexuality.

The discourse within the articles seems to say "You can be alternative and STILL be STRAIGHT" as is apparent in Kayne's assertions of his (hetero)sexuality and especially in the Benbow piece.

The irony is almost sickening in these instances as these alternative masculine forms prove their normativity through their normative assertions yet they are applauded for breaking barriers.

The general discourse around seems to be as follows; straight men perform in this alternative fashion are to be lauded as long as they disavow critique to their sexuality. But where does power lie in queer masculine forms? Gay men who act manly in order to balance the social stigma of being gay? Or the "sissy" men that Brannon speaks of?

Style does not mark alternative to traditional masculinity. Kayne West's strong assertions of his heterosexuality demonstrate his normative values. The general dialogue around his alternative forms reek of heteronormativity and exclusion of any sort of queer dialogue.

I'm sorry Vlada, but I do not see how any of these examples show work in queer theory.
Trulymadlyme  - What about OutKast?   |68.214.217.xxx |2009-05-16 04:57:36
There's little doubt any younger rappers like 50 would raise the same sort of questions about OutKast. Mainly because they don't raise the same sort of issues because they've been around for so long.
Vlada  - Really enjoyed this   |173.34.85.xxx |2009-05-16 02:11:14
I wonder if this kind of awareness on the subject only comes with education on gender/queer theory. If Kanye were to read this, for example, would he feel enlightened to make some sort of statement? I know it all changed for me once i understood the idea of social construction. I wonder how different creative venues would transform if everyone were subjected to a week-long gender/queer studies workshop.
Anonymous   |216.91.95.xxx |2009-05-15 08:27:13
I remember the members of Outkast wearing similar clothes when they were really popular, but I don't remember the backlash against them for it.
tiffany   |64.221.119.xxx |2009-05-15 07:56:16
nice post, very insightful. keep it up!
Jessica Wakeman  - Great post   |64.236.170.xxx |2009-05-15 07:16:04
This is a great post!
k   |99.233.133.xxx |2009-05-15 08:44:20
i can't help but wonder how much of the backlash against kanye is related to his image as a rapper. what i found interesting in the 50 cent interview is not only how much fashion, certain hair styles, and inspirations cannot be a part of masculinity - but also how there's no room for this style - and image of masculinity - within rap music. part of me wonders if there would be an even greater backlash if kanye dressed this way after releasing a rap album - meaning i wonder how much releasing an album in which kanye sings more than raps mitigates some of the tension and anxiety surrounding his look.
Marlene  - Raar   |129.116.72.xxx |2009-05-14 05:28:32
I love Taz Arnold's cheetah pants, too! Great piece, Peter!

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